Broccoli consumption attenuates inflammation and modulates gut microbiome composition and gut integrity-related factors in mice fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem associated with gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. Broccoli natural source of bioactive phytochemicals, characterized by health-promoting properties.
 Objective: This study evaluated the effect broccoli florets stalks on liver fat accumulation, inflammation, microbiome, barrier integrity.
 Design: Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 32, 8-week-old) were fed high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) with/without 15% (florets or stalks) for 7 weeks. Liver damage was changes in glucose response histological biochemical parameters. Protein gene expressions related to inflammation examined. The microbiota population together genes integrity investigated.
 Results: Dietary improved glycemic assessed oral tolerance test (OGTT). Histological evaluation showed no change hepatic steatosis. consumption also attenuated as revealed lower inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) expression levels broccoli-supplemented groups. Gut analysis demonstrated elevated Acidifaciens reduced Mucispirillum schaedleri abundance group, whereas Proteobacteria strains increased group. remained unchanged.
 Conclusion: supplementation improves tolerance, attenuates alters microbial composition, but does not affect integrity. research provides new evidence effects dietary under HFCD.